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Spring Security 学习之数据库认证

[日期:2014-02-28] 来源:Linux社区  作者:stevex [字体: ]

一、前言
数据库认证(Database-provided authentication):应用通过数据库获取用户认证信息。

认证提供者(Authentication Provider):Spring提供了一系列认证方式,如LDAP、OpenID等,对应的认证服务都需要实现AuthenticationProvider接口,开发人员可以自定义AuthenticationProvider实现。

二、Spring配置
数据库认证本质上与其它认证方式没有区别,区别就是获取用户及其权限信息的方式不同,数据库认证需要从数据库读取用户信息,Spring已经预定义了用户安全的相关表结构和操作实现,请参考下面两个类的源码,这些默认实现能满足大部分应用需求,当然也很容易自己定制。

org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.jdbc.JdbcDaoImpl
org.springframework.security.provisioning.JdbcUserDetailsManager
对于获取用户、用户组、权限的查询都提供了默认的SQL,所以这也不需要开发者定义,但需要了解Spring的默认实现,如:
public class JdbcDaoImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements UserDetailsService {
    //~ Static fields/initializers =====================================================================================
    public static final String DEF_USERS_BY_USERNAME_QUERY =
            "select username,password,enabled " +
            "from users " +
            "where username = ?";
    public static final String DEF_AUTHORITIES_BY_USERNAME_QUERY =
            "select username,authority " +
            "from authorities " +
            "where username = ?";
    public static final String DEF_GROUP_AUTHORITIES_BY_USERNAME_QUERY =
            "select g.id, g.group_name, ga.authority " +
            "from groups g, group_members gm, group_authorities ga " +
            "where gm.username = ? " +
            "and g.id = ga.group_id " +
            "and g.id = gm.group_id";我们可以看到Spring尽一切可能减少开发者的工作,但如果需求不能满足,开发者需要自定义表结构并覆盖查询SQL定义。
public class JdbcUserDetailsManager extends JdbcDaoImpl implements UserDetailsManager, GroupManager {
    //~ Static fields/initializers =====================================================================================
    // UserDetailsManager SQL
    public static final String DEF_CREATE_USER_SQL =
            "insert into users (username, password, enabled) values (?,?,?)";
    public static final String DEF_DELETE_USER_SQL =
            "delete from users where username = ?";
    public static final String DEF_UPDATE_USER_SQL =
            "update users set password = ?, enabled = ? where username = ?";
    public static final String DEF_INSERT_AUTHORITY_SQL =
            "insert into authorities (username, authority) values (?,?)";
    public static final String DEF_DELETE_USER_AUTHORITIES_SQL =
            "delete from authorities where username = ?";
    public static final String DEF_USER_EXISTS_SQL =
            "select username from users where username = ?";
    public static final String DEF_CHANGE_PASSWORD_SQL =
            "update users set password = ? where username = ?";
    // GroupManager SQL
    public static final String DEF_FIND_GROUPS_SQL =
            "select group_name from groups";
    public static final String DEF_FIND_USERS_IN_GROUP_SQL =
            "select username from group_members gm, groups g " +
            "where gm.group_id = g.id" +
            " and g.group_name = ?";
    public static final String DEF_INSERT_GROUP_SQL =
            "insert into groups (group_name) values (?)";
    public static final String DEF_FIND_GROUP_ID_SQL =
            "select id from groups where group_name = ?";
    public static final String DEF_INSERT_GROUP_AUTHORITY_SQL =
            "insert into group_authorities (group_id, authority) values (?,?)";
    public static final String DEF_DELETE_GROUP_SQL =
            "delete from groups where id = ?";
    public static final String DEF_DELETE_GROUP_AUTHORITIES_SQL =
            "delete from group_authorities where group_id = ?";
    public static final String DEF_DELETE_GROUP_MEMBERS_SQL =
            "delete from group_members where group_id = ?";
    public static final String DEF_RENAME_GROUP_SQL =
            "update groups set group_name = ? where group_name = ?";
    public static final String DEF_INSERT_GROUP_MEMBER_SQL =
            "insert into group_members (group_id, username) values (?,?)";
    public static final String DEF_DELETE_GROUP_MEMBER_SQL =
            "delete from group_members where group_id = ? and username = ?";
    public static final String DEF_GROUP_AUTHORITIES_QUERY_SQL =
            "select g.id, g.group_name, ga.authority " +
            "from groups g, group_authorities ga " +
            "where g.group_name = ? " +
            "and g.id = ga.group_id ";
    public static final String DEF_DELETE_GROUP_AUTHORITY_SQL =
            "delete from group_authorities where group_id = ? and authority = ?";

数据库安全认证配置示例:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
    xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.2.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.stevex.demo" />
    <security:http auto-config="true">
        <security:intercept-url pattern="/admin" access="ROLE_ADMIN" />
        <security:intercept-url pattern="/*" access="ROLE_USER" />   
        <security:form-login />
    </security:http>
    <security:authentication-manager>
        <security:authentication-provider>
            <security:jdbc-user-service
                data-source-ref="dataSource"
                group-authorities-by-username-query="select g.id, g.group_name, ga.authority
                                    from groups g, group_members gm, group_authorities ga
                                where gm.username = ? and g.id = ga.group_id and g.id = gm.group_id" />
        </security:authentication-provider>
    </security:authentication-manager>
    <jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource">
        <jdbc:script location="classpath:security-schema.sql" />
        <jdbc:script location="classpath:users.sql" />
    </jdbc:embedded-database>
</beans>

embedded-database标签:Spring默认使用hsql,如果使用其他内存数据库,如Derby,需要指定。

jdbc-user-service标签:注入基于JDBC的UserDetailsService实现,默认即JdbcUserDetailsManager。

group-authorities-by-username-query标签:覆盖默认用户组权限查询SQL。

authentication-provider标签:如果没有设置ref属性引用其他bean时,默认使用DaoAuthenticationProvider, DaoAuthenticationProvider会调用UserDetailsService接口获取用户信息,并在登录时验证用户密码。

三、后语
本文提供一个基本实现参考供下载。

Spring Security 学习之数据库认证相关文件下载

免费下载地址在 http://linux.linuxidc.com/

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具体下载目录在 /2014年资料/2月/28日/Spring Security 学习之数据库认证

下载方法见 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/87684.htm

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