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RMAN 备份详解

[日期:2011-03-07] 来源:Linux社区  作者:robinson_0612 [字体: ]

二、使用RMAN进行备份

 

    1.备份数据库

 

        RMAN> show all;

 

        RMAN configuration parameters are:

        CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default

        CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default

        CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

        CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default

        CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default

        CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default

        CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

        CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

        CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   '/u01/app/Oracle/rmanbak/df_%d_%U';

        CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

        CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

        CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

        CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default

        CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # defaul       

 

        RMAN> backup database format '/u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/whole_%d_%U';  --备份整个数据库

 

        RMAN> backup as compressed backupset                       --备份整个数据库并压缩备份集

        2> database format '/u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/whole_%d_%U';

 

        RMAN> run{

        2> allocate channel ch1 type disk                          --手动分配一个通道

        3> maxpiecesize=2g;                                        --指定备份片的大小为g

        4> backup as compressed backupset                          --压缩备份集

        5> format  '/u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/whole_%d_%U' filesperset=3--指定备份集中允许容纳的文件数为个

        6> database;

        7> release channel ch1;}                                   --释放通道

 

        RMAN> configure device type disk parallelism 3;   --将并行度改为

 

        old RMAN configuration parameters:

        CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;

        new RMAN configuration parameters:

        CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 3 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;

        new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

 

        RMAN> backup as compressed backupset    --并行度改为之后,自动启用了个通道

        2> format '/u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/whole_%d_%U' filesperset=3

        3> database;

 

        Starting backup at 14-OCT-10

        allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

        channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=148 devtype=DISK    --sid值对应v$session视图中的sid

        allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2

        channel ORA_DISK_2: sid=146 devtype=DISK

        allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3

        channel ORA_DISK_3: sid=144 devtype=DISK

 

        RMAN> run{

        2> allocate channel ch1 type disk

        3> maxpiecesize=100m;   --备份片大小设置为m,则一个备份集包含多个备份片,且每个备份片大小为m

        4> backup

        5> format '/u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/whole_%d_%U'

        6> database;

        7> release channel ch1;}

 

        RMAN> list backupset tag=TAG20101014T171115;

 

        List of Backup Sets

        ===================

 

        BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

        ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

        21      Full    690.30M    DISK        00:01:39     14-OCT-10

          List of Datafiles in backup set 21

          File LV Type Ckp SCN    Ckp Time   Name

          ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ----

          1       Full 1648791    14-OCT-10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

          2       Full 1648791    14-OCT-10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

          3       Full 1648791    14-OCT-10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

          4       Full 1648791    14-OCT-10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

          5       Full 1648791    14-OCT-10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

          6       Full 1648791    14-OCT-10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1.dbf

 

          Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 21

          Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag

          ----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---

          DISK        00:01:39     14-OCT-10      NO         TAG20101014T171115

 

            List of Backup Pieces for backup set 21 Copy #1

            BP Key  Pc# Status      Piece Name

            ------- --- ----------- ----------

            21      1   AVAILABLE   /u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/whole_ORCL_0nlqemtj_1_1

            22      2   AVAILABLE   /u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/whole_ORCL_0nlqemtj_2_1

            23      3   AVAILABLE   /u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/whole_ORCL_0nlqemtj_3_1

            24      4   AVAILABLE   /u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/whole_ORCL_0nlqemtj_4_1

            25      5   AVAILABLE   /u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/whole_ORCL_0nlqemtj_5_1

            26      6   AVAILABLE   /u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/whole_ORCL_0nlqemtj_6_1

            27      7   AVAILABLE   /u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/whole_ORCL_0nlqemtj_7_1

 

        BS Key  Type LV Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

        ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

        22      Full    6.80M      DISK        00:00:01     14-OCT-10

                BP Key: 28   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: TAG20101014T171115

                Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/whole_ORCL_0olqen0s_1_1

          Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1648817      Ckp time: 14-OCT-10

          SPFILE Included: Modification time: 14-OCT-10

 

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    2.备份数据文件

        Oracle数据文件及表空间的管理请参考:Oracle 表空间与数据文件

        RMAN> backup as copy datafile 4                                             --备份类型为镜像备份

        2> format '/u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/df_%d_%U';

 

        RMAN> list copy; 

 

        RMAN> backup datafile 4,5,6 format '/u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/df_%d_%U';      --备份类型为备份集

 

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    3.备份表空间

        Oracle数据文件及表空间的管理请参考:Oracle 表空间与数据文件

 

        RMAN>  backup tablespace users,example format '/u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/tb_%d_%U';

 

        RMAN> backup tablespace temp;  --临时表空间不需要备份

 

        Starting backup at 14-OCT-10

        using channel ORA_DISK_1

        using channel ORA_DISK_2

        RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

        RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============

        RMAN-00571: ===========================================================

        RMAN-03002: failure of backup command at 10/14/2010 18:56:12

        RMAN-20202: tablespace not found in the recovery catalog

        RMAN-06019: could not translate tablespace name "TEMP"

 

    -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    4.备份控制文件

        Oracle 控制文件的详细介绍请参考:Oracle 控制文件(CONTROLFILE)

 

        RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on;--自动备份控制文件置为on状态,将自动备份控制文件和参数文件

 

        old RMAN configuration parameters:

        CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF;

        new RMAN configuration parameters:

        CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

        new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

 

        注:在备份system01.dbfsystem表空间时将会自动备份控制文件和参数文件,即使自动备份控制文件参数为off

 

        --单独备份控制文件及参数文件

        RMAN> backup current controlfile;

 

        --备份数据文件时包含控制文件

        RMAN> backup datafile 4 include current controlfile;

 

        RMAN> sql "alter database backup controlfile to ''/tmp/orclcontrol.bak''";

 

        sql statement: alter database backup controlfile to ''/tmp/orclcontrol.bak''

 

        RMAN>  sql "alter database backup controlfile to trace as ''/tmp/orclcontrol.sql''";

 

        sql statement: alter database backup controlfile to trace as ''/tmp/orclcontrol.sql''

 

        --单独备份spfile

        RMAN> backup spfile format '/u01/app/oracle/rmanbak/sp_%d_%U';

 

        RMAN> backup copies 2 device type disk spfile;

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