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Keepalived实现高可用

[日期:2017-10-13] 来源:Linux社区  作者:netonline [字体: ]

参考文档:

  1. keepalived user guide:http://www.keepalived.org/pdf/UserGuide.pdf
  2. 安装文档:源码解压包中的INSTALL文档

 本文涉及keepalived的安装,简单配置,为haproxy做高可用。

一.环境准备

1. 操作系统

CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1511

2. Keepalived版本

截至2017-03-22,keepalived版本是1.3.5:

http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.5.tar.gz

3. 拓扑图

  1. 采用VMware ESXi虚拟出的2台服务器node1/2,前端访问地址10.11.4.151/152,后端地址192.168.4.151/2;
  2. Web1服务器为采用docker技术生成的1台服务器,已安装并启动nginx与php服务,ip地址192.168.4.171;
  3. Web2/3同Web1服务器,ip地址192.168.4.172/173;
  4. 计划在node1/2两台服务器上部署keepalive&haproxy,利用keepalived虚拟出vip:10.11.4.150做高可用;
  5. Haproxy相关配置请参考:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-10/147553.htm,调整后将静态网页指向web1/2服务器的index.html,将动态网页指向web1/2服务器的index.php,其他指向web3服务器;
  6. 以web1为例,设置测试页面,以方便后续查看验证结果。

二.Keepalived安装配置

以下流程均在node1节点完成,node2节点请参考node1做适当修改。 

1. 依赖软件

#升级或者安装相关软件,不是必需都安装一次;
#一般libnl3-devel ipset-devel iptables-devel libnfnetlink-devel popt popt-static popt-devel等并没有预安装到系统中;
#net-snmp-devel是需要开启相关功能才需要
[root@elk-node1 ~]# yum install openssl-devel libnl3-devel ipset-devel iptables-devel libnfnetlink-devel popt popt-static popt-devel gcc kernel-headers kernel-devel net-snmp-devel -y 

2. 下载

[root@elk-node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@elk-node1 src]#wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.5.tar.gz 

3. 编译安装

#编译前可通过”./configure --help”查看相关编译参数;
#此编译未带“--with-kernel-dir”参数,一般认为采用”--with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/(version)”指定到内核效果更好,这里环境比较简单,实际使用后并没有明显的问题;
#这里未指定是因为centos7在编译使用参数之后找不到”linux/netlink.h”头文件,即使在相应目录下能找到相应头文件,搜了一下也没有找到对应的解决方案
[root@elk-node1 src]# tar -zxvf keepalived-1.3.5.tar.gz
[root@elk-node1 src]# cd keepalived-1.3.5
[root@elk-node1 keepalived-1.3.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived 
[root@elk-node1 keepalived-1.3.5]# make
[root@elk-node1 keepalived-1.3.5]# make install 

4. 配置开机启动

1)启动相关命令

#软链接
[root@elk-node1 ~]# cd /usr/local/keepalived/
[root@elk-node1 keepalived]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
[root@elk-node1 keepalived]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/

2)配置文件

#软链接
[root@elk-node1 keepalived]# mkdir -p /etc/keepalived
[root@elk-node1 keepalived]# ln -s /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ 

3)开机启动

#centos7编译安装目录下,默认没有”/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived”文件,即自启脚本,需要手工配置,前提是将启动相关命令,配置文件等按脚本定义的目录放置;
#启动时,可能需要运行:systemctl daemon-reload再重启keepalived
[root@elk-node1 keepalived]# touch /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived
[root@elk-node1 keepalived]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived 
[root@elk-node1 keepalived]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived
#!/bin/sh
#
# keepalived   High Availability monitor built upon LVS and VRRP
#
# chkconfig:   - 86 14
# description: Robust keepalive facility to the Linux Virtual Server project \
#              with multilayer TCP/IP stack checks.

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: keepalived
# Required-Start: $local_fs $network $named $syslog
# Required-Stop: $local_fs $network $named $syslog
# Should-Start: smtpdaemon httpd
# Should-Stop: smtpdaemon httpd
# Default-Start: 
# Default-Stop: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
# Short-Description: High Availability monitor built upon LVS and VRRP
# Description:       Robust keepalive facility to the Linux Virtual Server
#                    project with multilayer TCP/IP stack checks.
### END INIT INFO

# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

exec="/usr/sbin/keepalived"
prog="keepalived"
config="/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf"

[ -e /etc/sysconfig/$prog ] && . /etc/sysconfig/$prog

lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/keepalived

start() {
    [ -x $exec ] || exit 5
    [ -e $config ] || exit 6
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $exec $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}

stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $prog
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}

restart() {
    stop
    start
}

reload() {
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc $prog -1
    retval=$?
    echo
    return $retval
}

force_reload() {
    restart
}

rh_status() {
    status $prog
}

rh_status_q() {
    rh_status &>/dev/null
}


case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        restart
        ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}"
        exit 2
esac
exit $?

#设置开机启动
[root@elk-node1 keepalived]# chkconfig --add keepalived
[root@elk-node1 keepalived]# chkconfig --level 35 keepalived on
[root@elk-node1 keepalived]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service
#修改PIDFile,如下:
PIDFile=/var/run/keepalived.pid 

5. Keepalived配置文件

[root@elk-node1 ~]# vim /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
#=====================================================
# keepalived.conf 配置
#------------------------------------------------------------
# 1、Keepalived 配置文件以block形式组织,每个块内容都包含在{}
# 2、“#”,“!”开头行为注释
# 3、keepalived 配置为三类:
#    (1)全局配置:对整个keepalived都生效的配置
#    (2)VRRPD 配置:核心配置,主要实现keepalived高可用功能
#    (3)LVS配置
#=====================================================

! Configuration File for keepalived

########################
#  全局配置
########################
# global_defs 全局配置标识;
global_defs {

# notification_email用于设置报警邮件地址; 可以设置多个,每行一个; 设置邮件报警需开启本机Sendmail服务
   notification_email {
     root@localhost.local
   }

# 设置邮件发送地址, smtp server地址, 连接smtp sever超时时间
   notification_email_from root@localhost.local
   smtp_server 10.11.4.151
   smtp_connect_timeout 30

# 表示运行keepalived服务器标识,邮件发送时在主题中显示的信息
   router_id Haproxy_DEVEL
}

######################
#  服务检测配置
######################
# 服务探测,chk_haproxy为服务名返回0说明服务是正常的
    vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
        script "/usr/local/keepalived/etc/chk_haproxy.sh"

#每隔1秒探测一次
        interval 1

#haproxy在线,权重加2
#        weight 2
}

######################
#  VRRPD配置
######################
# VRRPD配置标识,VI_1是实例名称
vrrp_instance VI_1 {

# 指定Keepalvied角色,MASTER(必须大写)表示此主机为主服务器,BACKUP则是表示为备用服务器;
# 这里因为配置非抢占模式,nopreempt只作用于BACKUP,将2台主机均配置为BACKUP
    state BACKUP

# 指定HA监测网络的接口
    interface eth0

# 虚拟路由标识,标识为数字,1-255可选;
# 同1个VRRP实例使用唯一的标识,MASTER_ID = BACKUP_ID
    virtual_router_id 51

# 定义节点优先级,数字越大表示节点的优先级越高;
# 同1个VRRP_instance下,MASTE_PRIORITY > BACKUP_PRIORITY
    priority 100

# MASTER与BACKUP主机之间同步检查的时间间隔,单位为秒
    advert_int 1

# 从实际应用角度,建议配置非抢占模式,防止网络频繁切换震荡
    nopreempt


# 设定节点间通信验证类型与密码,验证类型主要有PASS和AH两种;
# 同1个vrrp_instance,MASTER验证密码和BACKUP保持一致
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 987654
    }

# 设置虚拟IP地址(VIP),又叫做漂移IP地址;
# 可设置多个,1行1个;
# keepalived通过“ip address add”命令的形式将VIP添加到系统
    virtual_ipaddress {
        10.11.4.150
    }

# 脚本追踪,对应服务检测
    track_script {
        chk_haproxy
    }
}

##############################################
# LVS配置,这里keepalived只做高可用,并不做lvs
##############################################
# virtual_server LVS配置标识
# 格式: virtual_server VIP port [IP 和 port 之间空格隔开] 
# virtual_server 10.11.4.150 443 {
# 设置健康检查时间间隔,单位为秒
#    delay_loop 6

# 设置负载调度算法,常用调度算法是: rr、wlc,另有:lc、lblc、sh、dh等
#    lb_algo rr

# 设置LVS实现负载均衡的机制,有NAT、TUN和DR三种模式可选
#    lb_kind NAT

# 会话保持时间,其对动态网页非常有用,为集群系统中的seesion共享提供了一个很好的解决方案;
# 用户的请求会一直分发到某个服务节点,直至超过这个会话的保持时间(指最大无响应超时时间),
# 即用户操作动态页面如果在50s没有执行任何操作则被分发到另外的节点
#    persistence_timeout 50

# 转发协议类型
#    protocol TCP

# 设置real server段开始的标识 [ IP为真实IP地址]
# 格式:real_server realIP port [IP 和 port 之间空格隔开]
#    real_server 192.168.201.100 443 {
# real server节点的权值,权值大小用数字表示,数字越大,权值越高
#        weight 1
# 健康检查 SSL_GET
#        SSL_GET {
# 指定SSL检查的URL信息,可以指定多个
#            url { 
# 详细的URL路径
#              path /index.html
# SSL检查后的摘要信息,可以通过genhash命令工具获取,命令如下:
# [root@elk-node1 bin]# /usr/local/keepalived/bin/genhash -s 192.168.4.171 -p 80 -u /index.html
#              digest ff20ad2481f97b1754ef3e12ecd3a9cc
#            }
#            url {
#              path /mrtg/
#              digest 9b3a0c85a887a256d6939da88aabd8cd
#            }
# 无响应超时时间,单位为秒
#            connect_timeout 3
# 重试次数
#            nb_get_retry 3
# 重试间隔
#            delay_before_retry 3
#        }
#    }
#} 

更多详情见请继续阅读下一页的精彩内容http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-10/147552p2.htm

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